28/M with UREMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY with CRF

 A 28 year old male who is a sales man in cloth store, presented to casualty ( on 22/12/21).with h/o seizures since last night.

H/o seizures 3 episodes around 3am, 7am, 11am. Each episode lasting for 3-5 min a/w uprolling of eyeballs, frothing from mouth.

Not a/w toungue bite, involuntary micturition, involuntary defecation, lethal cry.

Followed by post ictal confusion lasting for 15-20 mins 

H/o sob since 10 days, grade II - III.

H/o fever 1 week back a/w chills .

No H/o hematuria .

No h/o frothy urine.

No h/o nausea, vomiting, loose stools.

No h/o decreased urine output, pedal edema.

Pt was apparently asymptomatic 10  (February 2021)months back then he noticed sudden loss of weight of about 10-15kgs, in a span of 1 & 1/2 months for which he consulted local doctor where he was diagnosed to have CKD  for which he was advised to undergo dialysis I /v/o high creatinine levels. He came to our hospital  for dialysis , here he tested COVID + , then he came back for dialysis after 2 months .

K/c/o CKD since April 2021 and is on MHD since June underwent 24 sessions of hemodialysis., Discontinued from 19/10/21.

K/c/o HTN +.since 8 months.

Not a k/c/o DM, CAD, ASTHMA, TB.

Personal history:

Diet: mixed .

Appetite: reduced

B&b: regular.

Sleep: adequate.

No significant family history.

On examination:

Pt is c/c/c moderately built with mild dehydration.

Pallor +, no signs of icterus, cyanosis, clubbing, lymphadenopathy, pedal edema.

Temp: 98.6 f 

PR: 88 bpm 

RR: 14 cpm 

BP: 160/100 mm hg

SpO2:  98% @ RA 

GRBS : 130 mg%

CVS: S1, S2+ no murmurs 

RS: BAE+, NVBS+

P/A: SOFT, NON TENDER.

CNS: PT IS CONSCIOUS

SPEECH: NORMAL

NO SIGNS OF MENINGEAL IRRITATION.

REFLEXES: R.        L.    

      B.            2+.      3+

      T.            3+.       3+.         

      S.            -.          3+.          

      K.            3+.       3+

      A.             -.          -.     

      P.              REDUCED

POWER:  R.         L. 

    UL.      5/5.       5/5

    LL.       5/5.       5/5

TONE:.    R.         L.   

  UL.        N.         N.    

  LL.         N.        N.  

Gait: normal

PD: ? UREMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY WITH CKD ON MHD 

CRF WITH DIALYSIS DYSEQUILIBRIUM SYNDROME, WITH HYPERTENSIVE NEPHROPATHY WITH K/C/O HTN.

On 22/12/21:





On 24/12/21:


On 25/12/21:




On 27/12/21:





Dialysis done on 23/12/21 & 26/12/21










Day 7 :

CKD WARD:

S:

NO FEVER SPIKES 

O: 

PT IS CONSCIOUS, NON COHERENT AND COOPERATIVE,

AFEBRILE

BP:140/90 MM HG 

PR: 90 BPM 

CVS: S1S2 + NO MURMURS

RS: BAE+

P/A: SOFT, NON TENDER.

GRBS: 105 MG/DL 

A: 

CRF WITH ( DIALYSIS DYSEQUILIBRIUM SYNDROME), WITH HYPERTENSIVE NEPHROPATHY WITH K/C/O HTN.

P:

SALT RESTRICTION LESS THAN 2.4GMS/DAY 

FLUID RESTRICTION LESS THAN 1 LIT/DAY 

TAB. NODOSIS 550MG PO/ BD 

TAB. SHELCAL 500 MG /PO /OD 

TAB. OROFER PO/OD 

TAB. LASIX 40 MG PO/BD 

TAB. NICARDIA 10 MG /PO/ BD 


https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491204/






















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